Multiplication chart
A times-table chart you can read on screen or print: choose up to 10, 12, 15 or 20, highlight squares or one row, or print a blank chart for practice with its answer key.
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Print a chart
The chart size (1–12) and highlight come from the settings above the chart.
Print at 100% or "Actual size" so the chart fills the page with its margins intact.
- Nothing is uploaded
- Free, no sign-up
- Works on phone and desktop
How to use and print the multiplication chart
- 1
Choose how far the chart goes: 1–10, 1–12, 1–15 or 1–20.
- 2
Click any number to light up its row and column, or highlight the square numbers or one times table.
- 3
Under Print a chart, pick a filled chart, a blank practice chart with its answer key, or the times tables written out.
- 4
Choose color or black and white and Letter or A4, then click Download PDF and print at 100%.
Features
Up to 20 × 20
The classic 12 × 12 chart, a smaller 10 × 10 for beginners, or 15 and 20 for older students and puzzles.
Practice sheet and answer key
A blank chart with a name and date line, plus the filled answer key on a second page of the same PDF.
Click to see the pattern
Light up a row and column to read a fact, or shade the square numbers or one table to show how they line up.
Free, no sign-up
Charts are drawn in your browser as vector PDFs: crisp at any size, in color or ink-saving black and white.
How to read a multiplication chart
A multiplication chart is a grid with the numbers 1 to 12 (or 10, 15 or 20) along the top and down the side. Every box holds the product of its row number and its column number. To find 6 × 9, run your finger along row 6 until you reach column 9: the box says 54. Read it the other way, down column 6 to row 9, and you land on 54 again.
The chart also works backwards for division. To find 56 ÷ 8, go down to row 8, move across until you find 56, and look up to the top of that column: the answer is 7. That makes the chart a handy check for homework involving division, fractions (finding common denominators) and simplifying.
Patterns worth pointing out
- Square numbers run down the diagonal from the top-left corner: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 … 144. Each one is a number times itself, and it makes a square if you draw it as rows of dots.
- Order doesn't matter. The chart is a mirror image across that diagonal, because 4 × 7 and 7 × 4 are both 28 (the commutative property). Learn one fact and you know two.
- The 9s: up to 9 × 10, the digits of each answer add up to 9 (18, 27, 36 …), and the tens digit is one less than the number you multiplied by. Or work it out as ten times the number, minus the number: 9 × 7 = 70 − 7 = 63.
- The 5s always end in 0 or 5, and are half of the 10s: 5 × 8 is half of 80, which is 40.
- The 11s repeat the digit up to 11 × 9 (11, 22, 33 … 99), then 110, 121 and 132.
- Doubling: the 4s are the 2s doubled, and the 8s are the 4s doubled. 8 × 7 is 7 doubled three times: 14, 28, 56.
Square numbers from 1 to 20
The squares are the products on the chart's diagonal. Knowing them by heart helps with area, with estimating square roots, and with nearby facts: 7 × 8 is one more step along from 7 × 7 = 49, so it is 49 + 7 = 56.
| Number | Square | Number | Square |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 × 1 | 1 | 11 × 11 | 121 |
| 2 × 2 | 4 | 12 × 12 | 144 |
| 3 × 3 | 9 | 13 × 13 | 169 |
| 4 × 4 | 16 | 14 × 14 | 196 |
| 5 × 5 | 25 | 15 × 15 | 225 |
| 6 × 6 | 36 | 16 × 16 | 256 |
| 7 × 7 | 49 | 17 × 17 | 289 |
| 8 × 8 | 64 | 18 × 18 | 324 |
| 9 × 9 | 81 | 19 × 19 | 361 |
| 10 × 10 | 100 | 20 × 20 | 400 |
How many facts are there to learn?
Fewer than the chart suggests. Because every fact appears twice (except the squares), a chart of size n holds n × (n + 1) ÷ 2 different facts. Leave out the 1s and 10s, which follow simple rules, and the rest is the real practice list:
| Chart | Boxes | Different facts | Without the 1s and 10s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1–10 | 100 | 55 | 36 |
| 1–12 | 144 | 78 | 55 |
| 1–15 | 225 | 120 | 91 |
| 1–20 | 400 | 210 | 171 |
Practice ideas for parents and teachers
- Fill in a blank chart once a week and compare it with the answer key. Shade the boxes that were right the first time; the empty ones are next week's focus.
- One table at a time: highlight a table on the chart, say it out loud as skip counting (7, 14, 21 …), then cover the chart and try again.
- Build arrays on graph paper: color a rectangle 6 squares wide and 4 tall and count the squares to see why 6 × 4 = 24.
- Multiplication bingo: put products on the cards with the bingo card generator and call out facts such as "7 × 8".
- Keep the chart in view while doing homework. Looking up a fact again and again is how many children end up remembering it.
Teachers marking a times-tables quiz can turn scores into percentages with the test grade calculator, and plan a term of practice on a printable calendar.
Frequently asked questions
How do you read a multiplication chart?
Find the first number down the left side and the second number along the top. Follow the row across and the column down: the box where they meet holds the answer. For 7 × 8, go across row 7 to column 8 and you reach 56. Click a box in the chart above to light up its row and column.
Which times tables should children learn first?
Most teachers start with the 1s, 2s, 5s and 10s, which follow easy patterns, then the 3s and 4s, the square numbers (3 × 3, 4 × 4 and so on), and the 9s with their tricks. The 6s, 7s and 8s come last, and by then most of their facts are already known from other tables.
Do kids need to learn up to 12 × 12?
It depends on where you are. The Common Core standards, which most US states have adopted or adapted, expect students to know all products of two one-digit numbers from memory by the end of grade 3, which is up to 9 × 9 (10 × 10 is easy from there). The national curriculum in England goes to 12 × 12 by the end of Year 4, when pupils take a multiplication tables check. 12 × 12 charts are still common in US classrooms because 12 turns up everywhere: 12 inches in a foot, 12 months in a year, a dozen eggs.
How many facts are on a 12 × 12 chart?
The chart has 144 boxes, but 3 × 4 and 4 × 3 are the same fact, so there are only 78 different facts. Take away the 1s and 10s, which follow simple rules, and the list to practice gets much shorter.
How do I use the blank chart for practice?
Print the blank practice chart and have the student fill in the boxes, starting with the tables they know. Timing is optional: a fill-in that gets faster week by week shows progress without a test. Check it against the answer key, which comes on the second page of the "Blank + answer key" PDF.
Should I print the chart in color or black and white?
Color, with a magenta header, is easier to read on a wall or in a sheet protector. Black and white uses gray shading and light stripes on every other row, saves ink and photocopies cleanly for a whole class.
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